Plant Science Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, 2022
Pages 16-31
DOI: 10.36108/psj/2202.10.0130
Calotropis procera Leaves and Fruits Phytochemical and GCMS Analysis and Evaluation of their Methanolic Extracts Antimicrobial effect on Isolated Bacteria
OLU, Joshua *1, YUSUF, Hajara O.2, DANTANKO, Fatima 2, ADETUNJI, Olusegun A. 3, AJENIFUJAH -SOLEBO, Shakirat O. 4
1Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
2 National Biotechnology Development Agency, Environmental Biotechnology and Bio conservation Department, Along Musa Yar’adua Expressway, Airport Road, Lugbe, Abuja,
3 Bioresources Development Center, Ilorin, Kwara State
4 Plant Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, National Biotechnology Development Agency along Musa Yar’adua Expressway, Airport Road, Lugbe –Abuja
*Corresponding author: Email: olu@lujosh.com Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-3640
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the bioactive and chemical components, ethnobotany and pharmacological activities of Calotropis procera leaves and fruits with a focus on its antimicrobial effect on isolated bacteria. To prepare the plant extract, methanol was used as the solvent, for evaluation of the bioactive compounds and their concentration in the plant extracts hence, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was conducted respectively. The GCMS analysis was conducted for further determination of the chemical composition of the plant parts. The antimicrobial impacts of the plant leaves and fruits methanolic extracts were carried out against assay organisms which were bacterial group and they include Standard and clinical strains of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus subtilis clinical, Staphylococcus aureus β-haemolytic strain and clinical, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi clinical, Klebsiella pneumonia clinical, Escherichia coli and Proteus sp. Clinical strain. This study showed the presences of some phytochemical compounds such as tannin, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid etc. in C. procera leaves and fruits at varying concentration. The GCMS analysis revealed that Pentadecanoic acid and n-Hexadecanoic acid were detected in both leaves and fruits of C. procera extracts. Furthermore, methanolic extract of the plant leaves had antibacterial effect potency towards Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, while the fruit extract had no antibacterial effect against the assay organism.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bioactive compounds, Calotropis procera, Staphylococcus aureus.